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Arterial stenosis or occlusion

Cause and effect Arterial stenosis or occlusion is commonly caused by atherosclerosis, but can occur acutely as a result of emboli or trauma. Stenosis or occlusion produces symptoms related to the...

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Acute arterial occlusion

Embolic occlusion An embolus is a body which is foreign to the bloodstream and which may become lodged in a vessel and cause obstruction. Simple emboli Simple emboli are due to blood thrombus. The...

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Gangrene

Gangrene implies death with putrefaction of macroscopic portions of tissue. It is commonly seen affecting the distal part of a limb, the appendix or a loop of small intestine, and sometimes organs...

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Amputation

Amputation should be considered when part of a limb is dead, deadly or a dead loss. Dead Arterial occlusion or stenosis, if sufficiently severe, will lead to tissue infarction with putrefaction of...

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Arterial dilatation (aneurysm)

Dilatations of localised segments of the arterial system are called aneurysms. They can either be true aneurysms, con­taining the three layers of the arterial wall in the aneurysm sac, or false...

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Abdominal aortic aneurysm

Abdominal aortic aneurysm is the commonest type of aortic aneurysm and is found in 2 per cent of the population at autopsy; 95 per cent are due to atherosclerosis and 95 per cent occur below the renal...

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Arteritis

Thromboangiitis obliterans (Buerger’s disease) This is a condition characterised by occlusive disease of the small and medium-sized arteries (plantars, tibials, radial, etc.), thrombophlebitis of...

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Vasospastic conditions

Raynaud’s syndrome Raynaud’s syndrome may be primary or secondary. The primary idiopathic form usually occurs in young women and affects the upper extremities more than the lower. The peripheral pulses...

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